Cryptorchidism
See online text for discussion.
|
Diagnostic Category |
Incidence (%) |
|
Idiopathic infertility |
50-60 |
|
Primary testicular failure (chromosomal disorders including Klinefelter's syndrome, Y-chromosome microdeletions, undescended testis, irradiation, orchitis, drugs) |
10-20 |
|
Genital tract obstruction (congenital absence of vas, vasectomy, epididymal obstruction) |
5 |
|
Coital disorders |
<1 |
|
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (pituitary adenomas, panhypopituitarism, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia) |
3-4 |
|
Varicocele^ |
15-35 |
|
Other (sperm autoimmunity, drugs, toxins, systemic illness) |
5 |
|
From Griffin JE, Wilson JD. Disorders of the testes and the male reproductive tract. In Larsen PR et al (eds). Williams' Textbook of Endocrinology, 10th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier-Saunders, 2003. | |
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