Leukocytospermia
Human semen is a heterogeneous fluid which contains a variety of cellular elements beyond spermatozoa. Several immunologic factors are present in human semen, such as chemokines, immunoglobulins, and growth factors [16], as well as a subset of WBC's. The microscopic evaluation of almost all semen samples will display nonspermatozoal cells, in particular WBC's [17], which encompass various forms such as granulocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages [ 13]. An abnormally high concentration of WBC's in the semen is a condition called leukocytospermia, also referred to as leukospermia, pyospermia, or pyosaemia [18]. An increased concentration of leukocytes is the basic molecular defense mechanism against the detection of foreign organisms. The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria defines leukocytospermia as the presence of >1 x 106 WBC's/mL of semen [18]. This threshold is regarded as a possible indicator of an ongoing male genital tract infection [18]. Specifically, the detection of pathological concentrations ofleukocytospermia with the exclusion of a bladder infection or urethritis has been suggested as a basic diagnostic tool in recognizing genital tract infection [19, 20].
The activation of PMNL, which constitute 50-80% of the total seminal WBC count [8, 21][ results in releasing a protease by degranulation known as elastase [22] [ The presence of this particular protease is considered a highly reliable and sensitive marker of an asymptomatic infection [23] and can be used in diagnosing a clinically silent illness [ 24 ] . At present, due to the fact that the condition is asymptomatic and various sites in the reproductive system can be affected, the exact location of the origin of excess leukocytes is unknown [25, 26]. Due to the lack of understanding as to where exactly leukocytes are produced from, their release may be initially prompted by an inflammatory response of the genital tract to a bacterial invasion and then continually produced in their absence by immunological activity [7].
Cure Your Yeast Infection For Good
The term vaginitis is one that is applied to any inflammation or infection of the vagina, and there are many different conditions that are categorized together under this ‘broad’ heading, including bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and non-infectious vaginitis.
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