Summary
■ Symptomatic nephroptosis requires standard evaluation, including intravenous urogram assessment and isotope renogram with patients supine and upright.
■ Nephropexy should only be offered in symptomatic patients with proven deterioration of split renal function at orthostasis.
■ The good clinical outcome, minimal invasiveness, and rapid convalescence with long-term resolution of symptoms support the observation for laparoscopic nephropexy as the treatment of choice.
■ Nonabsorbable materials (suture or mesh) should be used for the fixation of the mobile kidney to the retroperitoneum muscles.
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