Staging of Urethral Cancer
The most commonly used staging system utilizes the TNM classification as indicated in the 2010 AJCC cancer staging handbook (Table 8.3).13
The alternative staging system known as the Whitmore classification is shown in Table 8.4.15
Table 8.4 The Whitmore classification of urethral tumors
Stage 0 Confined to mucosa only (in situ carcinoma)
Stage A Into but not beyond lamina propria
Stage B Into but not beyond the substance of the corpus spongiosum, or into but not beyond the prostate
Stage C Direct extension into tissue beyond the corpus spongiosum (corpus cavernosum, muscle, fat, fascia, skin, direct skeletal involvement), or beyond the prostatic capsule
Stage D 1. Inguinal lymph nodes
2. Pelvic lymph nodes below the bifurcation of the aorta
3. Lymph nodes above the bifurcation of the aorta
4. Distant
Hopkins |
Srinivas and |
Dinney |
Dalbagni |
Thyavihally | |
et al.36 |
Khan37 |
et al.5 |
et al.7 |
et al.11 | |
n |
26 |
200 |
21 |
46 |
36 |
Urinary obstruction (%) |
38 |
47 |
29 |
43 |
42 |
Palpable mass (%) |
56 |
79 |
25 |
28 |
28 |
Hematuria (%) |
60 |
22 |
25 |
17 |
19 |
Urethral discharge (%) |
60 |
22 |
25 |
11 |
- |

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