The olfactory nerve supplies nerve endings to the superior nasal concha and upper one third of the nasal septum. The olfactory nerve is not routinely tested. However, in any patient with a suspected frontal lobe disorder, the olfactory nerve should be evaluated.
Table 21-1 Cranial Nerves Cranial Nerve
I: Olfactory
II: Optic
III: Oculomotor
IV: Trochlear V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducens VII: Facial
VIII: Vestibulocochlear
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus
XI: Spinal accessory
Function
Smell
Vision
Eye movements; papillary constriction; accommodation
Eye movements
General sensation of face, scalp, and teeth; chewing movements
Eye movements
Taste; general sensation of palate and external ear; lacrimal gland and submandibular and sublingual gland secretion; facial expression
Hearing; equilibrium
Taste; general sensation of pharynx and ear; elevation of palate; parotid gland secretion
Taste; general sensation of pharynx, larynx, and ear; swallowing; phonation; parasympathetic innervation to heart and abdominal viscera
Phonation; head, neck, and shoulder movements
Clinical Findings with Lesion
Anosmia
Amaurosis
Diplopia; ptosis; mydriasis; loss of accommodation
Diplopia
''Numbness'' of face; weakness of jaw muscles
Diplopia
Loss of taste on anterior two thirds of tongue; dry mouth; loss of lacrimation; paralysis of facial muscles
Deafness; tinnitus; vertigo; nystagmus
Loss of taste on posterior one third of tongue; anesthesia of pharynx; partially dry mouth
Dysphagia; hoarseness; palatal paralysis
Hoarseness; weakness of head, neck, and shoulder muscles
XII: Hypoglossal
Tongue movements
Weakness and wasting of tongue
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